Botanical Ethics, Permits and Conservation

Botanical research must comply with applicable collection, access, conservation, quarantine and biosafety requirements.

Field collection and permits

Authors must state permits for protected areas, threatened species, export or import where required. Collection should avoid unnecessary harm to populations and habitats.

Vouchers and identification

Field and taxonomic studies should deposit representative voucher specimens in a recognized herbarium or collection and provide institution codes and accession details. Identification methods and nomenclatural authorities should be reported.

Genetic resources and knowledge

Access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge must follow relevant consent, benefit-sharing and legal obligations. Sensitive locality data may be restricted to protect threatened plants.

Containment

Work with regulated plant pathogens, transgenic material or invasive organisms must use appropriate institutional oversight and containment.