Data and Research Transparency

Every research article should include a Data Availability Statement identifying the evidence needed to understand and assess the findings.

Survey instruments, coding frameworks, anonymized datasets, interview guides and analysis code should be shared in a stable repository when lawful and ethical. Restrictions based on consent, employment, commercial confidentiality, contract or data-protection law must be explained.

Authors should distinguish independent data from material supplied by an organisation and provide enough procedural detail for informed assessment. Editors or reviewers may request supporting material for confidential review.