Corrections, Retractions and Withdrawal

ASAS maintains the accuracy of the published record through linked notices. Minor production errors may be corrected directly; errors that affect interpretation require a formal correction.

An article may be retracted when findings are unreliable because of misconduct or major error, when the work is redundant, or when unethical or unlawful material cannot remain in the record. The article and retraction notice will remain linked and clearly identified.

Withdrawal before publication is exceptional and requires editorial approval. Authors should explain the reason and confirm that all authors agree. Concerns are assessed fairly and, where possible, the journal will give affected parties an opportunity to respond.