Conflict of Interest Policy

Authors, reviewers and editors must disclose relationships that could reasonably influence, or appear to influence, their judgement.

Relevant interests may include employment, commissions, ownership, consultancy, funding, procurement roles, design authorship, intellectual-property interests, close personal relationships, institutional competition or disputes connected with a project.

A disclosed interest does not automatically prevent publication or review. The editor will decide whether disclosure, reassignment or another safeguard is required.