Authorship and Contributions

Authorship must reflect substantial intellectual responsibility for the work.

Authorship criteria

Each author must have made a substantial contribution to the study or manuscript, participated in drafting or critical revision, approved the submitted and published versions, and agreed to be accountable for the work. Funding acquisition, routine data collection, general supervision, language editing or administrative assistance alone does not justify authorship.

Contributor roles

The manuscript must include an author-contribution statement. GAI recommends the CRediT contributor roles when appropriate. People who contributed but do not qualify as authors should be acknowledged with their permission.

Author order and changes

All authors must approve the author list and order before submission. A request to add, remove or reorder authors must explain the reason and include written agreement from all affected authors. GAI may seek institutional clarification when authorship is disputed.

Corresponding author

The corresponding author is responsible for accurate submission information, communication with co-authors and the journal, and confirmation that all authors approve the final version and declarations.

Artificial intelligence

An AI system cannot be an author because it cannot approve the work, disclose conflicts or accept accountability. Material AI assistance must be disclosed under the AI Use and Disclosure Policy.